Psychology Term Paper - 2200 Words

Psychology Term Paper (Term Paper Sample) Content: Child AbuseName:ProfessorInstitutionCourseDate:IntroductionChild abuse means treating a child in the wrong way. The historical records are filled with reports of weak, unkempt, and malnourished children who have been cast out by their own families to fend for their selves, and of children who have found themselves in an abusive situation such as sexual abuse. Charitable groups have been advocating for children protection and others concerned with the welfare of children. Conversely, the matter of children being subjected to abusive situations have never received widespread attention by the general public or even families, and until today it is still happening. Therefore, this essay discusses how children have been thrust into unfortunate abusive situations and how the system has marginalized their problems. The study also covers various methods that have enabled children to flourish and rise above their horrific beginnings.Manifestation of Child AbuseAn abuse that chi ldren are undergoing is psychological or emotional because it involves changing the thinking or emotional response of a child. This type of abuse normally gives negative messages to the child about themselves, for instance, referring them as stupid or ugly. This also entails dominant conduct that forces submission from the child or degrading the child. Presently, this is approximated to be 8.1% of child abuse. Injuries that are inflicted by a parent or anyone on a child can take several forms (Kelly, 2013). Very serious damage or death in children abused mostly results from the head injury or internal organs. Head trauma, due to the result of abuse in most cases, is the common consequence of death in children and the involved are those in the two years of life being the one most susceptible. Due to the force applied, it passes to the body through the skin, and the patterns of skin injury can offer confirmation of abuse. In addition, the skeletal abuse manifestations include many fra ctures that appears during different healing stages, fractures of bones which are infrequently broken under circumstances that are normal, and characteristic fracturing of the long bones as well as ribs (Mayers, 2014).Moreover, shaking is a prevalent kind of abuse observed in most young children. Most of the affected fall less than nine months old. Many of the performers of these abuses are the male, although this might be more of a reflection of the truth that male gender, being averagely stronger than female, tend to apply great force, due to that they are prone to shaking children than female. Retinal haemorrhages, intracranial haemorrhages, and too small chip fractures at the key joints of the children extremities could result from rapid shaking of a child. They can as well follow from a combination of head hitting a surface. It is evident that close to a third of severe infants are shaken and die and a majority of those who survive suffer consequences that are long-term, for in stance, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and blindness (Mayers, 2014).Sexual AbuseAdditionally, a sexual abuse is always heard happening between parents and their children, as well as people outside the family dynamic. Sexual abuse can be photographing, engaging in sexual activity or forcing children engage in sexual activities. 9.2 % of a child abuse are reported to be the sexual harassment. Children might be brought to the attention of a professional due to behavioural or physical fears that, on deeper examination, can result in sexual abuse. It is common for children who are sexually abused to show symptoms of genital injury, infection, abdominal pain, chronic, constipation or recurrent urinary tract infections and behavioural problems (Fontes, 2008). However, detection of child sexual abuse need a high suspicion index and familiarity with the behavioural, verbal, and physical indicators of abuse. Most children would disclose abuse to nannies or even others spontaneously, alth ough there might also be indirect behavioural or physical signs.NeglectChild neglect manifestations exist in large numbers, and it is also one of the thrust scenarios that children found themselves unknowingly. These include non-compliance with the recommendations of health care, failing to appropriately seek health care, depriving food hence resulting in hunger, and also the failure of children physical thriving. In addition, the other causes for concerns include exposing children to drug abuse, as well as inadequate protection from dangers in the environment (Hahm Guterman, 2004). Also, neglect stands at 78.3% of all the child abuse. Moreover, inadequate supervision, abandonment, poor hygiene and also being deprived right to education are all considered as evidence of neglect that children are exposed to (Bridge, 2008). Also, children have been subjected to physical abuse. They are beaten or physically attacked. However, it could be an actual beating or slapping, throwing things or anything else that are intended to harm or injure them as well. It is approximated that 17.6 % of child abuse in United States are physical abuse (Kelly, 2013). Studies have also found cases of children going through trauma due to neglect from their families (Bridge, 2008).Corporal PunishmentParents have the right to instill discipline in a child, but they abuse this power. Children have been subjected to corporal punishment in the form of hitting, kicking punching, or even beating, and this is legally and socially accepted in the society (Fontes, 2008). In most cases, it is an important phenomenon in institutions and other schools as well as penal systems for the young offenders. However, the United Nations Convention concerning the Rights of children requires nations to protect child from any mental or physical violence when they are under care of their parents or any other persons, and the UN Committee on the Child Rights has underlined and stated that corporal punishment is n ot compatible with the UN Convention.Nevertheless, the system have marginalized these problems. Studies show that the corporal punishment remains legal in most countries for the juvenile offenders and in at least 65 nations, in institutions and schools. Children corporal punishment is acceptable legally at home in all nations. However, where this practice has persistently not been confronted by the public education and legal reform, the few existing prevalence research are suggesting that it remains mostly common. Corporal punishment is most dangerous for a child. In a short term period, thousands of children have been killed every year, others injured and many left handicapped.However, in the longer term period, a larger body of studies have shown it to be an important factor in violent behaviour development, and it is associated with other challenges in childhood and life later on. In addition, the evidence up to date for the effectiveness of certain treatment programs is contradi cting and limited. Two evaluations, for instance, of similar ten weeks group counselling program produced different outcomes. In one, the child in the group intervention was able to provide a description of more strategies and skills to avoid being involved in conflicts that are violent. This is between their guardians and parents and seeking out support more than the children in the comparison groupings, at the same time in other, no differences between comparison groups and treatment were observed (Gill, 2009).Methods applied that Enable Children FlourishHowever, while the child abuse prevention is universally proclaimed to be a significant social policy, very little work, surprisingly, has been undertaken to investigate how preventive interventions are effective. Most of the programs only focus on perpetrators or victims of the neglect and child abuse. There are very few emphasis on key prevention approaches that are aiming to prevent situations such as the neglect and child abu se from happening (Gill 2009). The most common responses are described as below.Family Support ApproachesQuite a number of preventative interventions such as the parenting practices and offering family support have been formed. Such programs educate parents on the development of a child and assist them to improve their skills on ways of managing the behaviour of their children. However, most of the programs are just intended for use with families of high-risk and those families that abuse has already happened, it is highly considered that education provision, as well as training in this part for prospective parents or all the parents, can be useful (Gill, 2009).Health Service ApproachesFrom the book by Kelley 2013, the boy who was raised as a dog provide much richer understanding of how trauma does to children and how they can be assisted to heal from it so that they can flourish. Some child trauma academics have been founded and a group of professionals dedicated to improving the l ives of high risking children, as well as their families (Perry Szalavite, 2007). The professionals from health care have a primary part to play in the identification, referring and treating neglect cases, abuse as well as reporting suspected cases of maltreatment to the authorities that are responsible. It is important that cases of children maltreatment are detected very early, so as to reduce the consequences for children and to launch the required services.Safely Revisiting Subjective ExperienceThis is helping the children to revisit their traumatic experience and work on these subjective experience created by past exposure and focusing not on the trauma experience itself but on how they are experiencing themselves. Moreover, the following intervention supports a safer intervention for the children as well as the practitioner. They include introducing choice and control using a structured approach as well ...

Marketing Mix And Marketing Plan - 1057 Words

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Data Collection Relating to Personal Information and...

Data collection relating to personal information and purchase behaviours – a consumer perspective. Every individual to a certain percentage values their privacy. Differentiating factors amongst various individuals could be their cultural background, social environment, literacy and general awareness amongst others. Advancements in technology leading to development of secret cameras for instantaneous photographs, discount cards that store your purchase information, and scanners, have also contributed to this invasion of privacy. Database marketing assist marketers to record actual purchase behaviours of customers and hence help them monitor and tailor their promotions towards the customer’s interests. Also on the internet a customer is†¦show more content†¦Although legal sanctions for misuse of consumer information are now in place, many marketers still ignore this and continue the practise. But it is inevitable that marketers must put a balance between their quest for information from market researches and making their customers feel comfortable doing business with them. Thearling (1998) in his work on data mining technology condemns the violation of the customer’s right to privacy of his information. For instance if you give your details solely for the purpose of making a credit card purchase and it is used for any other secondary purpose such as data mining, then it is a serious offence. The primary purpose of data collection must be clearly understood by the customer, with an option to opt out of the disclosure of such data in place. He gave an example of the CVS drug store who continually called customers up when their subscription was due for the use of Elensys. Obviously they got the data through data mining of patients’ medical data from hospitals or previous purchases. 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Falling Leaves free essay sample

Falling Leaves Sitting in the woods all by myself was pretty wonderful. The morning was almost perfect. The sun was slowly rising to my left, peeking through the trees and lighting up the whole woods. To my right there was the lake. It was bright blue and had small ripples moving across the top. A cool breeze from the lake made my cheeks and nose cold. It was whistling through the woods, causing water drip from the trees which was making my paper wet. It also made leaves slowly drift down from the trees, almost if they were dancing in the air. One of my favorite things to see are the vibrant orange, yellow, red, brown and green leaves. They are so bright up in the sky. Anywhere I looked it was a new painting waiting to be made. The rising sun made the wet leaves shimmer brightly. Below my feet there were dead, brown leaves all around. We will write a custom essay sample on Falling Leaves or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It made me realize that even though these trees are very pretty and probably the best looking that they will ever be, they will still fall. Not everything can stay at its best for ever. Every year tree leaves fall. The trees become ugly and look depressing. This can happen in life, too. Maybe it’s a bad test score or an event didn’t go like you wanted it to or something tragic occurs. Life become sad and unhappy. It seems like nothing is good about it. The thing about trees though is that the leaves always grow back. Thick and green and almost better than before. By just giving it time, life can completely come around, just how the leaves come back. There always will be a time when the leaves become dull. There will always be a time when life becomes dull. It just happens. And just like the leaves, all it needs is a little time, patience, and some determination. It’s just how life is. This happens to everyone. No matter what people say or what they seem like, w e all have our lows. I have had those lows. When no matter what I did it seemed like it was wrong. It can be hard because you think youre doing something good, but then it just doesn’t turn out. Things like grades, sports, almost everything. It’s sad and I just really don’t like it. I havent had many lows in my life, but when I have my life has always come around. After a little while, things seem to click back into place and start to work out. Its just one of those things that happens to everyone no matter who you are. We just need to remember that things will turn around, it just might take some time. While I was sitting in the woods, looking up at the colorful trees, I looked at the ground covered with dead leaves. It to me was a reminder of the downs in life. When we are having ups in our life, we have to remember about our downs. If we remember them, it gives us something to think about so we try to stay away from the downs. Lows in our lives can be impossi ble to avoid. If we have reminders about the lows though, then we can really cherish the ups. The more you sit and the more you let yourself completely be just with the woods the more you will be able to learn from it. All the sounds, animals, trees and plants you can notice. It’s so quiet and calm but yet so lively. Now that I have sat here for awhile, the sun has gotten higher up in the sky and is no longer peeping through the trees. I can feel the air slowly getting warmer. The dew has dried on the ground and on the leaves. The wind still blows a cold breeze through the woods, rustling the leaves. The changing leaves fall lightly. A red one. A green one. A yellow one. All falling to be at their lowest. But then I remember that soon everything will be back, all green and pretty. I can’t forget that it will always get better.